Ongoing emissions from
… greenwashed fuels and engines
‘SUSTAINABLE’ AVIATION FUELS
The aviation industry uses marketing greenwash and accounting tricks to mislead you into thinking that actual flight emissions from ‘Sustainable’ Aviation Fuel (SAF) are a fraction of those from fossil jet fuel. A jet never burns pure SAF, so a common 50:50 blend with fossil jet fuel doubles claimed emissions. And actual flight CO2 emissions are additionally more than claimed, by the amount of CO2 drawn down in making the fuel. Furthermore SAF still creates non-CO2 emissions twice as warming as actual flight CO2 emissions.
• Sustainable aviation fuels rollout is main bottleneck to net-zero, says IATA
https://www.iom3.org/resource/saf-technology-rollout-is-main-bottleneck-to-net-zero-says-iata.html
• Unknown cooking oil
https://www.transportenvironment.org/uploads/files/202406_UCO_trade_briefing-2.pdf
• Understanding the greenhouse gas emissions of different SAF pathways
https://theicct.org/understanding-the-ghg-emissions-of-different-saf-pathways-sept25/
• Turbulence ahead: How used cooking oil could hinder aviation’s green fuel hopes
https://www.straitstimes.com/world/turbulence-ahead-how-used-cooking-oil-could-hinder-aviations-green-fuel-hopes
• The green light for air transport: sustainable aviation at present
https://www.academia.edu/114966203/The_green_light_for_air_transport_sustainable_aviation_at_present
• Less than 1% of aviation fuel supplied to EU airports came from sustainable sources in 2024
https://carbon-pulse.com/449081/
• Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF): incentives, rather than mandates, could be more effective
https://www.routesonline.com/suppliers/10554/capa-centre-for-aviation/news/299665324/sustainable-aviation-fuel-saf-incentives-rather-than-mandates-could-be-more-effective/
• Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF): incentives, rather than mandates, could be more effective
https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/reports/sustainable-aviation-fuel-saf-incentives-rather-than-mandates-could-be-more-effective-729768
• Global sustainable aviation fuel market set for major growth, reaching $312 billion
https://bioenergytimes.com/global-sustainable-aviation-fuel-market-set-for-major-growth-reaching-312-billion/
• Digital Feature: The evolving role of SAF in aviation’s energy transition
https://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/news/2025/10/digital-feature-the-evolving-role-of-saf-in-aviation-s-energy-transition/
• Airbus and Cathay Pledge $70 Million to Boost Global Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production
https://onestopesg.com/esg-news/airbus-and-cathay-pledge-70-million-to-boost-global-sustainable-aviation-fuel-production-1761134121750
• CPK co-develops green flight solutions
https://www.airportsinternational.com/article/cpk-co-develops-green-flight-solutions
• Barriers to Implementing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) in Massachusetts
https://ips-dc.org/report-barriers-to-implementing-sustainable-aviation-fuel/
• Trends For SAF Financing And Contract Structures
https://biodieselmagazine.com/articles/trends-for-saf-financing-and-contract-structures
• Sustainable aviation fuels: a patwhway to decarbonization in aviation – the case study of SWISS International Airlines
https://www.academia.edu/papers/265835684
• The future of aviation’s carbon challenge
https://aircargoweek.com/the-future-of-aviations-carbon-challenge/
• Climate Risks and Economic Consequences of Rising Global CO2 Emissions in Aviation, Shipping, and Heavy-Duty Transport
https://www.academia.edu/papers/261969790
• Aviation industry looking to expand use of biofuels
https://wasterecyclingmag.ca/equipment-vehicles/aviation-industry-looking-to-expand-use-of-biofuels
• Luxaviation Gets Emissions and SAF Support with Celeste
https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2025-10-02/luxaviation-gets-emissions-and-saf-support-celeste
• ‘This is real progress’: airlines on sustainable aviation fuels and the chances of net zero flying
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/oct/03/net-zero-aviation-sustainable-fuel-mandates-eu-uk
• Singapore to impose green aviation fuel levy on flights
https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3122813/singapore-to-impose-green-aviation-fuel-levy-on-flights
• Aviation industry looking to expand use of biofuels
https://www.academia.edu/papers/262864339
E-FUELS
• Sustainable aviation takes a giant leap forward
https://www.deloitte.com/ie/en/about/governance/impact-report/business/sustainable-aviation-galetech-carbon-emissions-reduction.html
… regulatory failure
CORSIA
• Climate Change Mitigation in the Aviation Sector: A Critical Overview of National and International Initiatives
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/670D8A31E4AD27065ED3D92D678769D1/S204710252200019Xa.pdf/div-class-title-climate-change-mitigation-in-the-aviation-sector-a-critical-overview-of-national-and-international-initiatives-div.pdf
• The key takeaways from the latest international aviation assembly
https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/10/the-key-takeaways-from-the-latest-international-aviation-summit/
• Who will take responsibility for reducing aviation emissions?
https://traveltomorrow.com/who-will-take-responsibility-for-reducing-aviation-emissions/
• CFC gets green light to offer insurance policies to CORSIA projects
https://www.slipcase.com/view/cfc-gets-green-light-to-offer-insurance-policies-to-corsia-projects
• How to improve the global ‘Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation’ (CORSIA)?
https://www.academia.edu/94376277/How_to_improve_the_global_Carbon_Offsetting_and_Reduction_Scheme_for_International_Aviation_CORSIA
CARBON CREDITS AND OFFSETS
When all sectors need to reduce their emissions to zero, the aviation industry buys/offsets the reductions of others in order to grow its own emissions. When the planet is already dangerously hot, offsets steal carbon drawdown needed to cool the planet to excuse further emissions.
• Airline Carbon Credits Are Running Out – It’s a $17 Billion Problem
https://skift.com/2025/10/10/airline-carbon-credits-are-running-out-its-a-17-billion-problem/
• Fears grow over looming supply crunch for CORSIA aviation carbon credits
https://carbonwise.co/fears-grow-over-looming-supply-crunch-for-corsia-aviation-carbon-credits/
• Carbon Credits Shortage May Lead To Higher Air Fares For Travelers
https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexledsom/2025/10/24/carbon-credits-shortage-may-lead-to-higher-air-fares-for-travelers/
• European airlines drop vague promises on carbon offsets
https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251021-european-airlines-drop-vague-promises-on-carbon-offsets
• Paying to offset a flight’s pollution not advised for travelers
https://subscriber.politicopro.com/article/eenews/2025/10/01/paying-to-offset-a-flights-pollution-not-advised-as-solution-for-travelers-00588320
… non-CO2 emissions
• Climate impact of flying could be more than double CO2-only estimates – report
https://carbon-pulse.com/450163/
• Cloudy with a chance of soot: The role of fuel composition in aviation’s non-CO2 impact
https://theicct.org/role-of-fuel-composition-in-aviations-non-co2-impact-sept25/
… industry growth
• Can the growth in aviation be reconciled with a 2°C target for climate change?
https://www.academia.edu/34192855/Can_the_growth_in_aviation_be_reconciled_with_a_2_C_target_for_climate_change
NEW PLANES
• Airbus: Nearly half of global fleet growth will be driven by aircraft renewal
https://www.aviationbusinessme.com/analysis/nearly-half-of-global-fleet-growth-will-be-aircraft-renewal
• Cirium Fleet forecast
https://reports.cirium.com/cirium-fleet-forecast-2025-2044-executive-summary
NEW AIRPORTS
• Growth won’t justify climate damage in airport plans, say MPs
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62exx578lzo
… growth in flights
TOURISM
• NZ’s government wants tourism to drive economic growth – but how will it deal with aviation emissions?
https://theconversation.com/nzs-government-wants-tourism-to-drive-economic-growth-but-how-will-it-deal-with-aviation-emissions-267726
• Australians’ overseas travel wanderlust continues to grow despite low levels of consumer confidence
https://roymorgan-cms-prod.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/01002534/9852-Share-Insights-Press-Release-Overseas-Travel-And-Intention-March-2025.pdf
• Global tourism, climate change and energy sustainability: assessing carbon reduction mitigating measures from the aviation industry
https://www.academia.edu/87539731/Global_tourism_climate_change_and_energy_sustainability_assessing_carbon_reduction_mitigating_measures_from_the_aviation_industry
PRIVATE JETS
• Eco-efficient flight operations and aircraft management
https://www.academia.edu/130296277/ECO_EFFICIENT_FLIGHT_OPERATIONS_AND_AIRCRAFT_MANAGEMENT_INTEGRATED_STRATEGIES_TO_REDUCE_CARBON_EMISSIONS_IN_CORPORATE_AVIATION
… delusional scenarios
NET ZERO
Net zero emissions by 2050 allows ongoing emissions and subtracts from them carbon drawdown needed to cool an already dangerously hot planet.
• From hero to zero: Barriers to achieving IATA’s 2050 sustainability targets
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967070X25003737
• Consolidating and Stepping up Aviation’s Climate Ambition: A Comprehensive Definition of a Climate Neutral Air Transport System
https://www.academia.edu/papers/252554931
Measuring emissions
• Tackling Greenwashing in Aviation: Building Trust with Accurate Emissions Data
https://www.cirium.com/thoughtcloud/addressing-greenwashing-in-aviation/
MEASURING IMPACTS
• Quantifying the regional to global climate impacts of individual fossil fuel projects to inform decision-making
https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-025-00296-5
CARBON FOOTPRINTS
• Aviation passenger carbon footprint calculator with comprehensive emissions, life cycle coverage, and historical adjustment
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02847-4
• How to Fly Better in the Climate Crisis
https://bumprints.org
Reducing emissions
… through marginal efficiencies
• How Will Siemens, Airbus & Capgemini Cut Aviation Emissions?
https://sustainabilitymag.com/news/how-will-siemens-airbus-capgemini-cut-aviation-emissions
FUEL EFFICIENCY
• Cirium analysis challenges assumptions between aviation growth and environmental impact
https://www.greenairnews.com/?p=8161
… through alternative fuels
HYDROGEN
• Scenario-based evaluation of renewable hydrogen utilization strategies
https://www.academia.edu/2998-3665/2/4/10.20935/AcadEnergy7963
• Optimizing a Sustainable Aviation Ecosystem with Green Hydrogen: An Essential Overview
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-89553-1_16
RENEWABLES POWERED ELECTRIC
• Low-Energy Fridays: Why don’t we have electric airplanes?
https://www.rstreet.org/commentary/low-energy-fridays-why-dont-we-have-electric-airplanes/
• Air New Zealand launches its first electric aircraft
https://thedriven.io/2025/10/21/air-new-zealand-launches-its-first-electric-aircraft/
• Future Proof Aviation
https://dovetail.aero
• Future flight
https://askcaptainlim.com/future-flight/
• Comparing Emissions: Conventional vs. Advanced Aviation Technologies
https://scienmag.com/comparing-emissions-conventional-vs-advanced-aviation-technologies/
• “They’re Finally Flying Without Fuel”: These Electric Planes Are Quietly Redefining Air Travel and Could End Jet Pollution Forever
https://www.sustainability-times.com/energy/theyre-finally-flying-without-fuel-these-electric-planes-are-quietly-redefining-air-travel-and-could-end-jet-pollution-forever/
… through reducing flight demand
• Flight from reality: sustainable aviation, Jet Zero, and the technofix
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/21582041.2025.2566800
• Football in the climate emergency: exploring air travel reduction in the Norwegian senior national football teams
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/23311886.2025.2566977
Climate emergency
• Australia’s climate assessment fails on sea-level rise risks and vulnerable communities
https://johnmenadue.com/post/2025/10/australias-climate-assessment-fails-on-sea-level-rise-risks-and-vulnerable-communities/
• Global tipping point report
https://global-tipping-points.org/resources-gtp/
• Climate justice glossary
https://www.mapafalsassoluciones.com/saber/glosario-justicia-climatica-ingles/
